(((White Phosphorus)))

UNRWA Compound, Gaza City (2009) - During Operation Cast Lead, Israeli forces fired three white phosphorus shells directly into a United Nations humanitarian compound. The resulting fires destroyed metric tonnes of vital medical and food aid.

Al-Quds Hospital (2009) - A shell struck the hospital grounds, igniting a severe fire that forced medical personnel to conduct an emergency evacuation of patients.

Urban Neighborhoods (2009) - HRW documented a systematic pattern of air-bursting white phosphorus over urban areas including Rimal, Tel al-Hawa, and Beit Lahiya, resulting in at least 12 civilian fatalities.

Yohmor (2026) - Human Rights Watch geolocated and verified visual footage showing airburst white phosphorus munitions detonating directly over a residential area. Civil defence workers responded to fires ignited by the substance in at least two civilian homes and a car.

Nabatieh & Tyre - Media investigations by The New York Times confirmed social media footage of white phosphorus exploding over the populated city of Nabatieh (population ~40,000) and areas surrounding Tyre.

Dhayra / Douhayra (2023) - Amnesty International documented an indiscriminate attack on this border town. At least nine civilians required hospitalization for severe suffocation and respiratory trauma, while fires damaged local residences and vehicles.

Gaza City Port - In the early days of the escalation following October 7, HRW and Amnesty International verified video footage of M825-series 155mm artillery projectiles bursting over the port area of Gaza City.

Kfar Kila, Arnoun, Khiam, & Qlayaa (2023–2024) - Repeated deployments were verified across 17 Lebanese municipalities, encompassing over 10 square kilometres. The Lebanon Ministry of Public Health reported at least 173 injuries linked to phosphorus exposure during this timeframe.